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Some studies cited in a 2025 review noted that while proline can protect cells at low levels, when metabolized by the enzyme proline oxidase it produces reactive oxygen species (ROS)

In the present study, no change was observed in the basal serum levels of folate, vitamin B12 and HCY among patients with VCD, those who recovered from the impairment, and those without impairment

For a deeper look at how milligrams translate to units across different scenarios, read our guide on converting 20 units of tirzepatide to milligrams and our breakdown of 40 units in milligrams

The difference comes down to how they work and what they target