Under the influence of IL-4 and IL-13 and the interactions between adhesion molecules on B cells (class II MHC molecules: CD80/CD86, CD40, and ICAM-1) and T cells (CD3, CD4, CD28, CD40L, and LFA-1 receptors), B cells switch from expressing IgM, IgG2, and IgG3 to IgG4 and IgE (179)
Integrin receptors mediating cell-matrix interactions Integrin structure and function: Heterodimeric transmembrane receptors ( and subunits) connecting extracellular matrix to intracellular cytoskeleton
Delivers the nutrient substrates required for tissue repair, inflammation resolution, and restored energy output
Their therapeutic efficacy in LC is markedly subtype-dependent, a critical factor for clinical translation