Nrf2 binds to antioxidant response elements (ARE) and oxidative stress-related proteins (including GSH, HO-1, and oxidoreductase I), and then scavenges cytotoxic electrophiles together with ROS (218)
It is present in cells in two forms: reduced, known as GSH, and oxidized as GSSG (glutathione disulfide) (42)
As one of the most abundant intracellular antioxidants, glutathione is involved in a wide range of biological processes and continues to be the focus of ongoing research related to cellular balance, renewal, and overall wellness support
Billings JL, Gordon SL, Rawling T, Doble PA, Bush AI, Adlard PA, Finkelstein DI, Hare DJ (2019) l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) modulates brain iron, dopaminergic neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction in iron overload and mutant alpha-synuclein mouse models of Parkinsons disease