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One rat study that evaluated inhalation of WS-23 found few acute or subacute effects 23

Smoking Accelerates Atrioventricular Conduction in Humans Concordant with Increased Dopamine Release

At this point, no single ingredient or product has yet been identified as the culprit, and the only commonality among the deaths seem to be that each person recently vaped

The current Surgeon General's warnings for cigarette packages and advertisements, which have not been updated for nearly 35 years despite increasing evidence of additional, serious negative health effects of cigarette smoking, only include warnings on a limited number of health conditions (i.e., lung cancer, heart disease, emphysema, pregnancy complications, and general risks to health) (see section V for additional discussion of the current Surgeon General's warnings)