1 Introduction Cynanchum plants have been used to treat a variety of diseases in folk medicine, such as cancer, inflammation, and viral infections ( 21 sterol glycosides, a class of secondary metabolites in Cynanchum plants, are responsible for regulating cellular activities associated with cancer, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis ( 21 steroidal glycosides (e.g., dioscin) can have potent anticancer activity by triggering mitochondrial apoptosis, caudatin is structurally unique given its incorporation of an isovalerate side chain and the C-3 glycosylation affords a broader target specificity against Wnt/-catenin and autophagy-lysosomal pathways
Martnez-Reyes I, Cardona LR, Kong H, Vasan K, McElroy GS, Werner M, et al
How tissue response signaling changes under stress or injury models (often discussed in the BPC-157 preclinical literature)
Pasparakis M